Tuesday, December 16, 2008

CIAOThe Evening Class Interview With Yen Tan and Alessandro Calza

Earlier this year during Frameline 32 when I mentioned to friends that I had invited Alessandro Calza—one of the leading actors in Yen Tan's Ciao—over to my house for wild rice sour cream waffles, they tried to invite themselves over … and it wasn't for my infamous wild rice sour cream waffles! Fortunately, my withering glance was more than enough to keep them at bay so that I could conduct my interview with the film's director and lead actor with a certain measure of professionalism; though I have to admit that the informal quality of our conversation made for a much more pleasant experience. Ciao was one of my favorite films from Frameline 32. It's now in its theatrical run and though—as indicated by Dave Hudson's aggregate of reviews at The Greencine Daily—the critical response has not been altogether favorable; I can, without hesitation, assert that some of the reviews have likewise not been altogether fair. An eye should be kept on the fact that a gay film with any crossover appeal whatsoever—a feat uniquely (unfairly?) negotiated by gay filmmakers—is cause for commendation. Yen Tan's film is more than competent in this regard and such an accomplishment shouldn't be deminimized. I suppose my impatience with some of the film's dismissive reviews is because they underplay the fine achievements by cinematographer Michael Roy, film editor David Patrick Lowery, and production designer Clare Floyd DeVries. Ciao represents yet another example of the great divide between critics and audiences, having been quite well-received at Frameline 32.

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Michael Guillén: Alessandro, one of the things that first struck me about this project was how far geographically you two were from each other—Yen in Texas, you in Italy—how did your creative collaboration begin?

Alessandro Calza: Thanks to downloading movies at a site in Italy, I saw Yen's first movie Happy Birthday. A lot of movies aren't distributed in Europe and you'd never be able to see a film like Yen's first movie or a movie like Tropical Malady if it weren't for downloading them. Purely by coincidence, I was checking around and I found Yen's website with his contact info. I don't know why I decided I wanted to write him; but, the fact that he was visible with his web site and accessible through email seemed like he was waiting for people to give him feedback on his movie, which usually doesn't happen with directors. Half the time you don't know who they are or where they are. So I wrote Yen and I told him that I really liked Happy Birthday, which I still like very much. Then we just started talking by exchanging email. He seemed really flattered.

Yen Tan: This was back in 2004, so it was quite a while ago.

Guillén: And then you checked out Alessandro's website and nearly fell over, right? [Laughter.]

Calza: Actually the problem—and the good thing—with Yen and I is that we both like the same type of men, who are very different from the way we both are. That made me comfortable so we could develop a real friendship.

Tan: We weren't trying to get into each others' pants or anything. It was completely platonic. Every time we tell this story, people always go, "Nooooo…!"

Guillén: Why I ask is because the online phenomenon—in terms of film culture—has a unique potential for sociality and fraternity. I've met many writers on line who I later meet at film festivals and it's created a society that wouldn't have been possible if I'd just met them here in San Francisco. So, joking aside, what intrigues me about your collaboration is that you were able to use the online medium as a creative platform. Can the two of you speak about how you came up with the story and how—despite geographic distance—you hammered it out to become the film?

Calza: Yen was working on a trilogy at that time. He was developing three scripts simultaneously. But we became close talking about what we liked. I had a background in European cinema—Tarkovsky, Fassbinder, Wim Wenders—and he was more informed about contemporary directors. On the other hand, I was very much into music so we started exchanging ideas.

Tan: The script for Ciao came out fairly effortlessly. It was created at the same time that I was talking to Alessandro. I was consciously using him as the model for the Italian character. I was having a lot of problems having a film made at that time, getting it off the ground, financial issues and all that, so at that point Ciao was actually supposed to be a sexy fluffy romantic comedy revolving around an exotic Italian guy who comes to America.

Guillén: I am so glad you worked that one out.

Tan: But it was the kind of film that we would have had an easier time making several years ago; though I would have been embarrassed years later. Afterwards I might have thought, "Why did I make that film?" At the time I wrote it, that wasn't in my mind. At that point I just wanted to get something made. I didn't care what it was. Thankfully, when I sent that draft to Alessandro, he was hard on it and told me exactly what he thought. Mostly he criticized the character I'd based on him. That's when I thought maybe I needed to step back and think it through a little more.

Calza: Yes, because the stereotype is that—when you have an Italian in American cinema—he's usually like Antonio Sabato, Jr.; a gay bartender from Miami with an Italian background. He's always what people from Iowa think an Italian should be and what he looks like. For me that wasn't quite right. Also, for the purpose of the movie, such a character—with the focus on clothing and style, wearing silky shirts—would have been distracting. So I was critical about the character.

Guillén: Did you send Yen back an alternate script? Did you rewrite it?

Calza: No, no. We just discussed it. At that time I wasn't trying to interfere with the writing. We weren't even at the stage of my being able to do a rewrite or even auditioning for the part. That came way later.

Tan: It was just something that I wrote that I showed Alessandro. He gave me his thoughts and I reconsidered.

Calza: At that time I didn't yet know that with Yen you had to be very careful because everything you say could end up in his movie. I wasn't aware that every personal detail I shared with him would end up in a script.

Tan: Then I wrote another draft, which was still like the first draft, only a little bit better. At this time, other gay filmmakers were getting their films made and—after watching them—I thought, "Maybe I don't want to make a film like that. Maybe I really need to be careful about what I do next because there may be a permanent scar on my filmmaking career."

Guillén: Your sensibility as a filmmaker, and specifically a gay filmmaker, developed more breadth?

Tan: Right. I thought, "Okay, maybe I need to continue on this path and see what I come up with instead of trying to do something commercially viable that, over time, I might not be happy with." Especially when you're doing a low budget film, the point is to take risks. If you can't take risks with just a little money, then what's the point?

Guillén: Creativity frequently rides a bare bones aesthetic. Roughly, then, how many drafts were there between the sexy rom-com and the movie in Frameline?

Tan: Roughly 10 drafts. Even up to the point when we began shooting, there were still some scenes where I was on the fence. I would rewrite them overnight, give them to the actors the next morning so they would have a little time to rehearse, or I would take scenes out altogether. I don't know if it's because of the way I am, but I have this way of writing where it's very sexual on paper but—by the time we get to the set—I don't feel we have to film it that way anymore. I change my mind.

Guillén: And what kind of a time period are we talking about?

Tan: A year and a half. Alessandro came in about halfway through. He kept on giving me so many notes that I kept incorporating into the script that at one point I decided he should accept billing as a co-writer because he was so involved in the script's development.

Guillén: Had you cast him as Andrea yet?

Tan: Not really. Maybe subconsciously I was thinking about casting him; but, I wasn't firm about it. He had no acting experience and he was in Italy. The whole thing didn't gel in my head. Finally, at one point I just asked him.

Calza: It was in June, about two years into the project, about a year after he started talking to me about the movie, just before he started shooting, that he asked me if I wanted to audition and the way we went about it was original, it was all "new media." I auditioned through videotapes I made about my personal life and—once he cast me—we rehearsed through Skype, with him in Dallas, me in Genoa, and Adam Neal Smith in Los Angeles.

Tan: I would send him a couple of pages from some of the scenes, he would videotape himself, send me the clips, and then I'd look at the clips and tell him what I thought. The first time he sent me the clips, he was so nervous that he didn't open my email notes back to him until about a half an hour after he received them.

Guillén: With Ciao having this international profile—you in Texas, Adam in California, Alessandro in Italy—do you consider Ciao a Texan film? Is the film scene in Dallas much different than that in Austin? Does Ciao reflect film culture out of Dallas?

Tan: The Dallas film scene and the Austin film scene are significantly different in the sense that—even though there are a lot of independent films being made in both cities—the Dallas sensibility is oriented towards making the Hollywood calling card. They do a lot of high concept pieces with low budgets—a lot of genre films are made in Dallas—whereas in Austin they just make the films they want to make and they end up being the films that get into the big film festivals.

Guillén: Doesn't that tell you something?

Tan: It does. It's weird. I've always identified more with the Austin scene than the Dallas scene. At the same time—as much as I don't want to brand Ciao as a "Texan film"—after watching it so many times, I recognize it's a very Texan film, but by an approach that hasn't been used by a lot of Texans, if that makes any sense. There's a tendency with a lot of Texan filmmakers when people shoot films in Texas about Texans to make them colloquial. I don't think I did that in Ciao.

Guillén: If anything, you avoid that hazard by having a sense of humor about it, especially in the scene where Andrea, Jeff and his half-sister Lauren are playing the guessing game about the foreign languages and Jeff uses Texan slang as his foreign language. There's a loveliness in that.

Tan: But then someone told me that I'm still not a local because I've only lived in Texas for 10 years. I'm still taking everything in as an outsider.

Guillén: How did David Lowery become your co-producer and editor? Is the Dallas film scene so tight that such collaborations are inevitable?

Tan: Pretty much, yeah. I met David about eight years ago when we were both just experimenting with short films. He and his friends, the group of us, pretty much help each other out with our films. We've grown together in our appreciation of cinema and how our sensibilities have progressed over time. It's nice that we also like the same kind of films, which is not the case—we've discovered—with a lot of other Dallas filmmakers.

Guillén: Ciao's overall design is striking. The compositions are frontal, photographic. The camera is still and steady. As a designer, Alessandro, did you have much to do with the look of the film?

Calza: No, not really. That's Yen. That's Asian in general. Usually Asian style is very much about simple things. Sometimes they can do stylish things with just paper. It sounds stupid but they can come up with very strong ideas, even if they don't have huge production budgets. Yen is very good at exploiting whatever he has.

Guillén: Your design skills didn't come into play at all?

Calza: No, not at all.

Guillén: Not even with designing the film's posters?

Calza: Yes, those I designed.

Guillén: I wanted to highlight what I felt was an interesting substitution pattern in the poster design. There were two posters that I saw. One had the three faces of you, Adam and the actor playing Mark. And then there was the other one with you and Adam and the tree between you. In my mind, you equated the tree between you with Mark, the absent figure.

Tan: That's an interesting observation.

Guillén: What made you choose that one shot of the sidewalk leading to the tree?

Tan: I'll add something to the whole design element. This is another example where Alessandro and I really stimulate each other when it comes to these kind of ideas. As a result of knowing Alessandro, I became more design-conscious. He would express his views and show me what he liked and, therefore, it generated a new sense of awareness when I would see what he had to show me and listen to what he had to tell me. The same thing happened when I introduced him to films he had never seen. He would watch them and say, "Oh, I see what you're saying." It was a mutual learning experience for both of us.

As for the poster, we had a lot of discussions about it. We ran into problems where we were trying to figure out whether we should market Ciao as a gay film and draw in gay audiences to watch the film? The poster with the three faces was an attempt to get people to come in and watch these guys. The version with the tree was more the artistic version; but, I don't think it's very commercial. I don't think people would "get" that poster.

Guillén: That isn't the one you're using?

Tan: Not really. We go back and forth.

Guillén: Use the tree one. Trust me.

Tan: You think it makes more sense?

Guillén: It underscores the integrity of the film.

Tan: The funny thing about the tree in that scene: that location came about because we didn't have the alternate location. The way it was originally scripted, Mark is exiting the hallway of his apartment building. It's an interior shot. But we couldn't find a hallway that was long enough for me to shoot as wide as I wanted to. We were a week and a half into the shooting and still hadn't shot any of these hallway scenes. Finally, I was sitting just outside the door of the complex that I live in and we had rented out a complex right next door where we were shooting a series of scenes. As I was sitting there, and I saw the sidewalk leading away through the buildings and the tree, it clicked. I thought, "Oh, this makes sense." The person walking out of the unit, walking down the sidewalk to where his car is parked and it's parked beneath the tree. I also like the idea of playing with offscreen space. So I thought, "This works. It totally works." And it was outdoors and there was a tree, which had a sense of life to it.

Guillén: The Greeks, in fact, have a term called endendros—"the life at work in a tree"—which is often a mythic referent between the realms of life and death. I concede that's probably not anything you were even thinking of, but, it's what I see. And it's universal. And that's why—of the two designs—I would recommend the image with the tree at the center. For me it has a stronger thematic thrust; an image that will survive over time.

Calza: We actually have, like, 30 other designs.

Guillén: In gist, I'm trying to emphasize your fine sense of design. Your website's interactive presentation is notable. Can you speak a little bit about your design background?

Calza: Ciao as a movie came to me not because I specifically wanted to act. I never had that ambition. I never pursued acting. But at the end of the '90s, when I started to get onto the Internet, I decided that it would be interesting to use the new media to expand personal visibility. By that I mean I wanted to make myself known to other people everywhere for no reason. With traditional media you are famous for a reason. My idea was to completely co-opt that rationale and approach from the opposite angle. I wanted to be known for no reason. I started out with photographs influenced by artists like Cindy Sherman or Matthew Barney. I wanted to use photos of myself to create a website that would seem like the website of a famous person. That was the personal level.

At a more political level, and from a gay perspective, I wanted to show everybody that—with just a little money—a person could achieve a visibility that had previously been reserved for celebrities with a lot of money. If I say so myself, my website is better than Madonna's! I actually joke that I was 2.0 before 2000. In 1999 I started with a website that had information about me and the music that I liked, way before MySpace. Now everybody has a personal website. But I remember at the time that I created mine that people thought it was weird that I wanted to have my own personal website. Now everybody's doing it. I'm actually thinking about 3.0 right now. Initially I was a graphic designer, then I shifted into web design, I used photography, I used video and I used myself—not because I was self-obsessed—but because it was the most convenient asset at hand. I could take pictures of myself. I created my web persona. Ciao became a larger step of that whole progression: I've got a personal webpage, I'm doing video, and now I'm doing a movie. I want to see how I can use the whole of this work as viral marketing for the movie itself. The result is that I know more people in San Francisco than I do back home in Genoa. I know like 200-300 people in San Francisco and probably a few thousand people are aware of me and my work here in San Francisco, even though they don't really know who I am.

Guillén: Cultivated web personas are the natural result of 2.0 and they do harbor a global potential that can be both rewarding and addictive. I keep wondering what will happen when they pull the plug? Let's talk about some narrative particulars in Ciao. I liked that Jeff's step-sister Lauren was Chinese. That was an unexpected and intriguing touch. Where did that come from?

Tan: People tell me that often. It came from the conscious decision to make a film with people I knew already. I've known Ethel Lung who plays Lauren for years. She was in my first film. Adam is also someone I've known for a while. I felt I knew Alessandro sufficiently from interacting online. I wanted to create an environment where I wasn't directing actors I'd just met. I wanted to work with people I knew personally so that I could add some of their personal traits into the onscreen characterizations. Adam and Ethel have been good friends for a long time and they've always had this kind of sibling rapport going on between them that I felt was interesting. For the story, I needed them to be siblings so I worked it out so that it would make sense; but, I also didn't want to make a big deal out of it. I wanted it to be casual. Jeff's mom divorced her first husband and married a Chinese guy who had a daughter. That's it.

Guillén: Simple, yet multicultural and effective. Were there discussions about what the nature of the relationship was going to be between Jeff and Andrea? There was a sense that they might fall in love and the whole narrative would have a happy ending; but, that would have been too predictable and I didn't want that to happen. Still, it came very close. Alessandro, can you talk about what—as your character Andrea—you were doing for Jeff in that bedroom scene? What was your sense of their affection?

Calza: For me, my acting approach in the movie was quite mixed from Adam's. I wanted it to be more than just acting. I pushed for that a lot in the relationship between me and Adam so we could break down professional distance. It wasn't that I was cruising him for an actual relationship; but, I wanted our interaction to develop intimately. Adam is a charming person but he's more closed off about his feelings. When we got to that scene, for me it was liberating because it was the first time I could be close to Adam, the way I wanted to be. I think it was the last scene we acted together and it's my favorite in the film, not just because it's sexual; but, because it was the only chance to be close to him as a person, not just acting.

Guillén: And yet, within character, you struck me as the reserved one or the one who had less need. When he leaned in to kiss you, you backed up a bit to look at him. It gave the sense that you were the strong one who could contain his need. You gave him what you needed; ballast for his grief.

Calza: There was a mixture going on. On one hand, there was what we had to do, what Yen wanted to have happen and what he expected us to act. At the same time, for me, I didn't know what was going to happen.

Tan: On that note, me neither! [Laughter.]

Guillén: They're both so handsome that the audience holds its breath expectantly.

Calza: It was the last scene that we shot because nobody knew what was going to happen.

Guillén: Ordinarily, because of its emotional difficulty, I would imagine that would be one of the first scenes you would film to get it out of the way.

Tan: In case the actors fight and don't like each other. But then I also took a while to figure out what I wanted from that scene. In the script that scene is only two sentences. They kiss and then they hold each other, that's it. It wasn't a scene that was heavily blocked out. It turned out to be a four-minute one-take shot.

Guillén: It reads as authentic and real in a subtle, distinct way. There's not a sense of it being passion as much as it is the sweetness of shared grief. The moment didn't collapse or capsize into the expected.

Calza: We shot on a closed set. We had given much thought to being comfortable—not so much for me as much as for Adam—and it was the final wrap-up scene so I felt that me and Adam told each other through that scene a lot about the conflict we had as actors on the set and the tension between us. I wanted to make the movie in a more personal way.

Guillén: Was Adam afraid of you?

Calza: He's a more reserved person. He approaches acting in a more professional manner. For me it was more an experience.

Tan: In retrospect, it worked for the characters. Jeff, Adam's character, was more reserved and closed-off. In that scene he just lets it go. And that actually kind of happened when we shot that scene. The kissing scene was a letting go. Every time I watch that scene, I see something different from Adam, little gestures and movements.

Guillén: How I read the surrender of that scene was that it expressed the gift men have to be nurturing for one another—and I mean the male nurturance that is unique to their gender—where feelings are contained within the moment, gathered, and then let go. Your character, Alessandro, actually didn't express much emotion until the final scene in the airport. In that moment is when the audience realizes how much Andrea has given Jeff; but, also, how much Andrea has lost by never meeting Mark, how much he was expecting and how he felt he had found the person he was looking to love only to have it be taken away on the eve of its fulfillment. That sense of frustrated anticipation was palpable and heartfelt and—I felt—very true to gay male experience.

I commend you both for how carefully observed the film is, how it holds silence, how subtle it is. "Slow" is a lazy way to describe it. The measure of its cadence is specific. That being said, you obviously decided not to make Ciao a Hollywood calling card? So what are you expecting from the film?


Tan: It's been so hard for us to get any press attention for this film. Obviously, because we're doing it on such a low budget, I have to be my own publicist on the film; but, trying to get people to pay attention to it has been nearly impossible, which is why I'm so grateful for your coverage. As far as knowing what to expect from the film, I don't want to stress myself out about what's going to happen—whether it will be accepted, whether I get to do another film, whether it will impact my career—it's more like just wanting to appreciate all the moments we have had in making the film and the moments we will have as we go forward, interacting with audiences, which is what we've been gaining so far. We talk to people after the screenings in the lobby where they're waiting to talk to us and they step up to us and that's already great. Q&As right after the film are difficult because the movie ends on an emotional high note and people need time to appreciate it. At almost every screening when the film ends, there's this sense of being touched and in the moment.

Guillén: Are there any plans to continue the story? To bring Andrea back to Jeff?

Tan: We talked about that and considered setting the sequel in Italy. But that would be more expensive now with the failing economy. No, there's no sequel in the works. We want to do another film together but it will be a completely different story.

Guillén: I hope you take that question as a compliment because the audience has become so invested in the characters. I got the sense they would keep in touch. As a hypothetical, what do you think happens to Jeff and Andrea, Alessandro?

Calza: If I think of it in my terms, yes, Andrea would return to Italy, think it over, and then invite Jeff over to give it a chance. Especially after the kiss, I think Andrea realizes there is something between them.

Guillén: Shared grief can create relationships. When I lost my partner of 12 years to AIDS, I was struck by the fact that people I thought were going to help me, weren't there to help me and complete strangers stepped in and did all they could. The stories of those relationships are rarely told. In my own wishful thinking, I would want a sequel just because such relationships are rarely represented. Realistically it might be doubtful that Jeff and Andrea would become lovers; but, whether or not they become lovers is not as important as the depth of their interaction. Perhaps they would merely strengthen their loving friendship with the memory of this man shared between them?

Calza: Probably, yes. After the kiss, I imagine Andrea would be even more drawn to Jeff, if only for consolation and not sex. Developing such an emotional connection in such a brief time would make me want to explore the whole relationship further. But, of course, such an intense encounter doesn't lead to a happy ending where Andrea decides to return to Jeff; that would be false.

Tan: Interestingly, a lot of people told us they thought that's how the story was going to end up. They thought Andrea would stay and not return to Italy, which was not a development we ever considered.

Guillén: As a filmmaker, I would encourage you to continue capsizing such expectations. Such facile audience expectations need to be collapsed. The authenticity of the film is precisely what surprised me.

Tan: Originally, the ending of the film was when the garage door closed on Mark. I thought that was the perfect place to end the film. But then David Lowery convinced me we could create an epilogue which would appear to tie everything together though through a hint of ambiguity.

Guillén: I very much appreciated the closing shot where you show Jeff riding Mark's motorcycle because it expresses how an individual incorporates someone they've lost. Death truly is the middle of a long life, as the Irish say, it's not the end. It's a bridge that leads to the future. In the few years after my partner passed, I found myself incorporating him through small gestures like coiling the garden hose or cleaning out the roof gutters. I found myself wondering how that happened? It happens through love and memory. You become what you do not want to lose and achieve that becoming by incorporating their familiar behavior. For me that is the true religiosity of memory.

Tan: When we pieced the final shots of the film after the garage door closes, it was a perfect way of bringing the opening shots back into the film. The two opening shots are the two closing shots. The framing device is a ring. I wanted the audience to invest the negative space with accrued meaning. And that was definitely David pushing me creatively.

Guillén: To wrap up, what's coming up for the two of you?

Tan: Our next project will be called Croon.

Calza: It's comparable to Ciao in that it's a film about two men. We're still in the exploratory process. Aside from the issues of grief presented in Ciao, Ciao was likewise about looking for something far away that mirrors expectations, about looking for something that you can't find close at home so you turn to the Internet, through an exotic fantasy. Croon is the opposite. It's a story about how—even if you're looking for something exotic somewhere else and have a specific fantasy of who your partner should be—in the end, love at first sight is the real thing. You can't define it. You can't write it down. You can't control it. You can't say, "I want a Latino, I want a Cuban, I want someone my age." In the end, love is a magic you can't know until you are drawn into the experience.

Tan: Croon continues on the path of pushing ourselves creatively. Its narrative is more loose than Ciao's. We purposely don't want to script everything out. We hope to capture the spontaneous experience of two men falling in love. We hope it will trigger audiences to remember what it was like when they first fell in love. You know how sometimes you experience a one-nighter where it's not just sex? Where it feels perfect?

Guillén: I call that illo tempore.

Tan: What do you mean by that?

Guillén: It means returning to the original place, the original time. The first place. The first time. As in returning to the garden. It can happen in a one-night stand. It can happen in a 20-year relationship. It's perfection measured as authenticity. Which recalls me to a conversation I had with Apichatpong Weerasethakul wherein I asked him if he was consciously trying to create gay relationships in his films and he answered that, more accurately, he was commenting upon the Western conception of finding a relationship as if it's the end to a goal, when in truth love is destiny. You don't make it happen. You recognize it. Generally speaking, Westerners look and look and look for relationship whereas Easterners recognize they are constantly in relationship and that recognition is how you honor relationship. This is, in fact, one of my critiques of Western gay culture, which caters to fantasies more than realities. We're taught in gay culture to think, "That guy isn't goodlooking enough, he isn't sexy enough, he isn't buffed enough, he's not wearing the right clothes, he's not making enough money. I better let him go and find the right one." Truthfully, within Western culture, that's not exclusively a gay phenomenon; but, arguably, the nascent phases of gay liberation encouraged exploration over commitment. Nowadays there's more of a focus on commitment and marriage, what have you, but when I was growing up the hunt was frequently more important than the catch. Which was unfortunate only in that we weren't appreciative of illo tempore. We walked away from perfect chances for authentic relationship because we didn't take time to recognize them, distracted by fantasy's desire. We exiled ourselves from the garden. When you fall in love it's always a return to the first time in the garden. When can we expect Croon?

Tan: Oh gosh. Three years? [Laughter.] Or something! I don't know. We want to do it fast. We don't want to drag it out too much.

Guillén: Will you film in Texas?

Tan: We're actually considering filming in California, near L.A.

Guillén: Not San Francisco?

Calza: No. It's too pretty here. Too distracting.

Guillén: I could show you some ugly places. [Laughter.]

Calza: We wanted to work with the juxtaposition between New York and Los Angeles. As an Italian, these are the two cities I think of when I think of the United States. Both cities are so huge, so populated, and yet allow you to be anonymous and alone. There's a scene in Alan Parker's Fame where a character is singing alone in his apartment, which is at the same time located in Times Square. That feeling of emptiness and being alone is heightened by the metropolitan feel of cities like New York and Los Angeles. Memphis doesn't have that. Even if you're alone in Memphis, it doesn't have the same quality as being alone in New York or Los Angeles. Similarly, in San Francisco there's always a sense of community around you.

Guillén: Well, if you ever decide to film in San Francisco, can I be an extra in the background, some gay guy walking two pomeranians while fluffing up my hair?

Tan: [Laughs.] Sure!

Cross-published on Twitch.

Sunday, December 14, 2008

TONY MANEROThe Evening Class Interview With Pablo Larraín

Though disgruntled that promotional obligations during his five-day stint at the Toronto International Film Festival prevented him from catching any other films in the festival line-up, Pablo Larraín was nonetheless appreciative of the opportunity to attend with his second feature Tony Manero, despite missing his wife and newborn daughter Juana back home in Chile. Born in Santiago de Chile in 1976, Larraín studied film direction and audiovisual communication at UNIACC University, after which he founded Fabula, a company devoted to audiovisual and communications development, where he has carried out the following projects: In 2005 he produced and directed his first feature film called Fuga, which was commercially released in March 2006. During 2006 he produced a film called La Vida Me Mata (Life Kills Me), directed by Sebastián Silva. In 2007 Pablo Larraín worked on Tony Manero, which won the top prize at the 26th annual Turin Film Festival, as well as the FIPRESCI prize for best film, and the best actor honor for Alfredo Castro. Tony Manero is Chile's submission to the 81st Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.

Tony Manero concerns itself with Raúl Peralta (Alfredo Castro), a man in his fifties obsessed with the idea of impersonating Tony Manero, John Travolta's character in Saturday Night Fever; an obsession situated in the midst of the tough social context of Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship. Raúl leads a small group of dancers regularly performing at a bar located in the outskirts of the city. Every Saturday evening he unleashes his passion for the film's music by imitating his idol. His dream of being recognized as a successful showbiz star is about to become a reality when the national television announces a Tony Manero impersonation contest. His urge to reproduce his idol's likeness drives him to commit a series of crimes and thefts.

My conversation with Pablo Larraín, conducted during the Toronto International Film Festival, is not for the spoiler-wary.

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Michael Guillén: Congratulations on Tony Manero. When I was in San Francisco preparing to attend TIFF, Tony Manero was the film my friends were most envious I was getting to see; that's how good the word-of-mouth is on this film. And after seeing it, I have to confirm that the buzz is well-founded. I've never seen a film quite like Tony Manero. I know you collaborated with Alfredo Castro and Mateo Iribarren on the script. Where did the three of you come up with this story?

Pablo Larraín: I was in a museum, the Reina Sofia in Spain, and in the museum store I picked up a book called Drink. I was alone and bored and started reading it. It included a beautiful black and white photograph of a guy, maybe 55 to 60 years old, sitting in a chair in his underwear, with his shoes on, looking out a window with a gun in one hand and a cigarette in the other. I couldn't believe the image. I kept wondering, "Who is this guy?" I turned the page and there was another photo of the same guy in the same room in bed with a woman with a strange body giving him a blowjob. He was similarly positioned and seemed to be in the same state of mind. I bought the book, returned to my country, phoned Alfredo Castro, and showed him the image. I asked him, "What do you see here?" Alfredo answered, "Wow. I see a murderer. A killer. And I don't know why, but I see a dancer." I asked him, "Do you want to do it? Do you want to be this guy?" He said, "All right! Let's do it." That was exactly two and a half years ago. We started writing the script and then for some reason I came up with the idea of connecting the story to these popular impersonation television shows. We thought, "Who could be the reference?" This was at about the fourth version of the script. It's been a long process. When you ask me how I got here, I would be lying if I said it all happened instantly. That wouldn't be true.

Guillén: The script went through a metamorphasis?

Larraín: Right. Exactly. It was a journey. It was a dynamic idea that was always in movement even up until the shoot. Even while we were shooting, we changed many many things. Then we came up with the idea, "What if this guy was wanting to be someone 30 years younger? A young dancer like John Travolta?" So we figured out whenabouts the story would be happening. We figured out that Saturday Night Fever was released in Chile in 1978, which was great and beautiful, because it allowed us to reference Pinochet. We pulled all the elements together. We had a conflict. We had a dramatic plot. And we had a context. What I like about the film, and what I wanted to show, was how these two polar opposites create tension. The context was not just a background but was the floor on which everyone was standing.

Guillén: So Alfredo Castro's character Raúl Peralta was based on this photograph you found in a book and then you came up with the idea of having him be a Tony Manero impersonator. Is his character a metaphor for the state of the Chilean people under the Pinochet regime?

Larraín: I hate when directors talk about metaphors because it's like they're manipulating the audience. His character is more an allegory. You could easily say and it would be all right to say that the character of Raúl Peralta is a metaphor for the Chilean people; but, what if—on the other hand—you don't describe it as a metaphor? What if you play it straight? A metaphor seems to be something that stands in for something else. It's not played straight.

Guillén: Then perhaps I should have phrased it more that the character of Raúl Peralta exhibits the consequential pressures of the time?

Larraín: Raúl Peralta is the result of a society. He acts with impunity. He is enraged. His desires reflect the enraged behavior of a government.

Guillén: I am perhaps not as fully informed as I should be about the Pinochet regime….

Larraín: But it doesn't matter if you are. This film is not a political statement on the Pinochet regime. I'm not preaching.

Guillén: Is it about the loss of identity?

Larraín: It's about identity. I had an argument with the film's sales agent regarding this because I had written down for the press book that Tony Manero was about loss, identity and obsession in recent Chilean history. He took out the comma so that it read that Tony Manero was about the loss of identity. When I saw the press book in print, I said, "No, no, no, man." It's about loss, identity … not the loss of identity. That's not the same. You don't lose your identity. You change your identity. What interests me is where and why identity changes. What do you grab and what do you give up when your identity changes? I like to think about loss and about identity, but not about lost identity, which is like trying to fit an idea into a square and maybe that square doesn't have enough space to encompass the idea….

Guillén: Or the image?

Larraín: The image, right.

Guillén: It's precisely the image of this character Raúl Peralta in Tony Manero, much like the photographic image that inspired him, that I loved about the film. Raúl is rich and complex. I came out of the movie deeply conflicted. It's correct that he doesn't stand in for any one thing. Many things come out of his character. One thing I considered was the effect of poverty. If you come from impoverished circumstances, what does that do to identity? Do you lose your morality in attempting to overcome poverty? Clearly, within the audience I was in last night, they were so shocked by Raúl's lack of morality and his ambition to better himself. If not a metaphor for the Chilean people, is his character indicative of an amorality among the Chilean people at the time, or is his a singular portrait?

Larraín: The first thing I have to say is that I was two years old during the Pinochet regime so all I can say is what I've heard. It's important to realize it's not my direct experience. I don't know if someone like Raúl—with all the elements that make up his character—existed during those years. I am trying to say that the police during those years weren't worried about common crimes because they were working in collusion with the oppression of a military government, thus common criminals could act with impunity. They could steal or kill and the police wouldn't get involved. In some cases at least, if not all cases. The other thing is that in 1976 a whole bunch of Chilean students studying in Chicago came up with new economic ideas and Pinochet appointed them to the Ministry of Economics. They succeeded in changing Chilean economy and culture. Chile ended up importing many things and maybe in that importation lost many things from our roots. That combination interested me.

Raúl is not really an immoral character. I would agree with you that he is amoral. He doesn't have a morality. That's why many people in my country don't like my film because they want Raúl to be redeemed somehow. They're right in questioning, "Why doesn't Raúl change? Why is he always like this? Why are we only seeing one side of this story? Of our history?" That's precisely what the film is about. I don't think that everyone changes. I don't think that everyone achieves redemption. If that's what you want, turn to a Hollywood film, where the bad guy at the end turns into a good guy. As we were saying a little bit earlier, the lack of morality in the character of Raúl Peralta suggests a lack of morality in a government. It's important to remember that the character of Raúl Peralta was born in 1928, at a time when 30% of Chileans didn't wear shoes. Do you understand what I'm saying? I'm talking about a lack of educational opportunity. A lack of ethical training. Maybe Raúl Peralta was from that 30%? Maybe he was raised on a farm? Maybe when he came to the city, he changed and started to get information from cinema imported from other parts of the world? From the U.S. especially, because the Chilean government didn't allow many European films in those days, especially any that reflected an ideology they deemed dangerous. So you end up with this guy who's an alien. Society has transformed him. They encourage him to come watch a film Saturday Night Fever where the protagonist Tony Manero is a working class hero who can change his life through the American dream, through dance. What I find amazing and extremely beautiful is that Raúl believes that American dream is possible for him in Chile. That Tony Manero's dream is possible for Raúl Peralta, even though Raúl doesn't dance like Tony Manero, doesn't look like him, is Chilean, and 30 years older. Raúl doesn't know how to treat people. He's extremely violent. All these combined factors of dance, law, politics, reflect something much bigger than his self. Raúl is a copy of a copy of a copy.

Guillén: That's fascinating that you describe him that way. As I was watching the film, I was likewise watching the audience receive the film, and—even though he's this amoral character who commits some truly horrific acts—the audience still wants to like him, to understand him, to support him. Specifically, I noted how much the audience sympathized with Raúl in the scene where the young girl is in his room and ends up masturbating rather than having sex with him. I could hear the audience audibly feeling sorry for him rather than focusing on the fact that he had seduced a minor to his room. That was an especially subtle exchange. Further, it intrigued me that all these women were drawn to him despite his being a somewhat obvious cad. Even if he was a copy of a copy of a copy, he had his own unique charisma. He still had something that had gotten him this far. In the televised competition with the audience applause, my heart broke for Raúl. I honestly couldn't tell the difference between the applause for Raúl and the applause for his main competitor. The final decision seemed a thoroughly arbitrary choice on the part of the program host, who preferred a younger contestant as the winner. Did you intend that?

Larraín: Yes. It's actually the same applause. We copied it. I actually told the sound engineer to use the same applause. The intention was precisely to have it all be in the hands of the host. He was the one who decided the winner. But to get back to what you were saying before, which I find interesting, I think all audiences like or not like a character in a film. It amazes me because audiences usually like the good guy or the guy who's in trouble; but, sometimes—and I think this film is proof—audiences can get to like somebody who's a loser, where things don't work for him. That's an ethical decision on the part of the audience. It's compassion for the stupid guy, for the guy who is from the Third World trying to make his living and he can't get an erection. In the end it's that kind of compassion that allows you to like Raúl. Humanity is based on many things but mostly on compassion.

By way of example, are you aware that the Toronto International Film Festival has more than 3,000 volunteers? They're aware that if they don't volunteer, the festival won't work. So they choose to help. Similarly, you can go to the U.S. and people are wearing their AIDS ribbons or worrying about what's happening to people in Africa. It's compassion for somebody else, for someone, and it can be an interesting tool filmmakers can use. If your character won't change and redeem himself by becoming a nice guy, then maybe you can hook the audience through their compassion. But it has to be done well so that the audience doesn't see or come to resent the puppet strings.

Guillén: I certainly felt compassionate towards Raúl but I want to be clear that it was not out of pity. Even though I didn't approve of how he did it, I had to admire the ferocity of his ambition, of his dream. Like you said, Tony Manero's working class hero dream was Raúl's dream too, even if impossibly. I was laughing to myself at his ingenuity of securing the bones to throw to the guard dogs so he could steal the glass bricks. I respected that he thought it out so thoroughly and that he was using everything he had at his disposal to make his dream work. For that I admired him, even though in the process he was hurting other people, even crushing other people. In another film I might have judged such behavior but you pitched it so perfect in Tony Manero that I accepted it. That's where I must commend you as a filmmaker. You found that place in the audience to hook their compassion. How did you figure that out? Was it during the writing of the script?

Larraín: It was while we were shooting. I discussed it with Alfredo. Do you remember when he danced alone in the room?

Guillén: Of course.

Larraín: At first I pulled that scene out during the editing process and then I decided to put it back in because it's a very important scene. It speaks to when you're alone in your room. We all do weird things when we're alone. We all know we do that, but we don't want to talk about it.

Guillén: Oh, I never do anything weird when I'm by myself.

Larraín: [Laughs.] What's interesting is to gain access to those private moments. When you look into the private moments of others, sometimes you see those moments are somehow connected to you. Everybody at some point in his or her life wants to be somebody different, maybe someone more successful or more beautiful, maybe if you're into basketball you want to be Michael Jordan. Everybody wants to be somebody else. I think an audience connects with that when they see it in film characters. We recognize obsessions in common. Maybe we don't have the guts to act upon those obsessions. Maybe we aren't willing to die for them or to do whatever we have to do to achieve them; but, some do. At least for me as a filmmaker I had the chance, the luck, to make this film, which is all very nice, but I wouldn't stop until I've done it. Raúl's character in a way is the same.

Guillén: I like how you propose that he might not have the guts to die for his dream.

Larraín: He's a coward.

Guillén: But to be fair, he does have the guts to live for it. A very telling scene for me was when the police came to the bar and you realize that everyone else he's been involved with is going to go down. He could have been a hero at that point by trying to help them but he decided that what was more important to him was not to die trying to be a hero but rather to live chasing after his obsession. That's what makes the final outcome so sad. He's given up everything for his dream and still loses it.

Let's talk a bit about Alfredo Castro's performance as Raúl Peralta. I kept thinking after the film that you never really know who Raúl is; you can only witness what he does.


Larraín: Do you need that? Did you want to know more about him?

Guillén: No, it's not necessary to know who he really is. I actually liked that you created a character study that was not based on biographical detail, but more on the most basic of motivations, which was that he wanted to be somebody else. It forced you to wonder as an audience member why he would want to be somebody else, which in turn made you question the culture, and to understand that there might be a million reasons why he would want to be someone else. He's getting older. He lives in a dictatorship. He's poor working class. He's uneducated. He's been influenced by foreign media.

Larraín: For me it's important to show just a fragment, which becomes an abstraction of the whole. I hate when films show you everything. I love that when you show a fragment, it's the audience who completes the picture. Where is he going at the end? What is he going to do? Is he going to hurt the winner? Tony Manero is just four days in the life of Raúl Peralta. Those four days are just a fragment of his whole life. The film starts with movement and it ends in movement. No judgment. Nothing else. We just witness those four days.

Guillén: Which I have to characterize as masterful filmmaking.

Larraín: Thank you. I appreciate that.

Guillén: So to wrap up, what's next for you?

Larraín: I'm working on a few things but I don't like to talk about it. The creative process is very private. When you finish a film, then you show it to others. I hate it when you read where other directors talk about what they're going to do or want to do and then for some reason they end up doing something different or they just don't do it. I think, "What an asshole. Why are you talking about something you're going to do and then you don't do it?" I think it's better to be quiet and keep it private and then—when it's ready—you say, "Hello. Would you like to watch this?"

Guillén: And just be proud of what you've done, which you should be.

Larraín: Thank you. It's been very nice talking to you and meeting you.

Cross-published on Twitch.

TOKYO SONATAThe Evening Class Interview With Kiyoshi Kurosawa

Many years ago I was taught to dream in detail and that such details involve the discipline of placing one foot patiently in front of the other. Walking to my scheduled appointment with Kiyoshi Kurosawa—whose most recent film Tokyo Sonata screened during this year's Toronto International Film Festival—I kept watching the tips of my shoes on the sidewalk; the fulfillment of some dreams are just that vivid. If there were only five filmmakers in the world I would ever be allowed to talk to, Kiyoshi Kurosawa would be first among them and I am deeply grateful to Fortissimo Films for arranging the interview and to Linda Hoagland for her translative assistance.

Kiyoshi Kurosawa's Tokyo Sonata is a portrait of a struggling Japanese family: a father Ryuhei Sasaki (Teruyuki Kagawa), who abruptly loses his job and conceals it from his family; the eldest son Takashi (Yu Koyanagi) who hardly ever returns home from college; the youngest son Kenji (Kai Inowaki) who furtively takes piano lessons without telling his parents; and the mother Megumi (Kyoko Koizumi) who knows deep down that her role is to keep the family together, but cannot find the will to do so. Somehow a single, unforeseeable rift has developed within the family, spreading quickly and quietly, and threatening to break them apart.

At the Greencine Daily, Dave Hudson has gathered together the critical response from both Cannes (where Tokyo Sonata won the Un Certain Regard Jury Prize) and the New York Film Festival. In her Cannes report to Film Comment (July/August 2008, p. 54), Amy Taubin discerns: "The film would seem to be a turning point for Kurosawa; the sustained quiet anxiety that pervades the early scenes and the eruption of hysterical behavior toward the end are grounded in realism with no reference to the paranormal phenomena that have been at the center of his work." At Senses of Cinema, Markus Keuschnigg writes that Kurosawa's "somber family tale" exceeds expectations. "Kurosawa's assured directing makes way for a new family structure that falls into place at the very end of the movie." As Matt Riviera assesses in his write-up of Tokyo Sonata for the Sydney Film Festival: "Japanese society obeys strict laws and a rigid structure, but in Kurosawa's dystopia, it takes very little to break the social contract. The eruption of the supernatural—or even the semblance of the supernatural—frees men and women from their responsibilities and renders meaningless the rules that ordinarily keep them in line. While it is devoid of supernatural elements and includes occasional forays into screwball comedy, Tokyo Sonata is not a total departure from Kurosawa's genre offerings of the past 10 years. In fact, it could be his most frightening film to date. Thematically, it contains many of the motifs present in the director's horror films: alienation in contemporary Japanese families, the fragility of the social fabric, the incapacity to articulate our fears."

* * *

Michael Guillén: Thank you so much for taking the time to talk with me today. I'm a great fan of your films and this is a true honor. [Kurosawa smiles and nods his head.] Several years back you accompanied Doppelganger to the San Francisco International Film Festival, where we met briefly at that time. In your public address you said something I loved, which has stayed with me all these years. You asked your audience what was missing from Doppelganger and—after the audience ventured guesses—you eventually admitted that what was missing from the film was law enforcement, which explained the freedom the doppelganger had to commit his crimes with impunity.

Kiyoshi Kurosawa: [Laughs.] Did I say that?

Guillén: The result of that revelation is that now—every time I watch one of your films—I measure its "reality" by the parameters of its alterity. Thus, I'm wondering with Tokyo Sonata, what you consider its alternate reality?

Kurosawa: That's very interesting. If you were to ask me is this an absolute perfect portrait of life in Tokyo today, the answer would be no; it's the Tokyo that I imagine. But, unlike horror, it's a heart beat into the future. It's not Tokyo life today, but maybe tomorrow.

Guillén: As I was watching the film, what struck me as a possible alternate reality was the story of the older son. For a moment I thought, "Are the Japanese really sending soldiers to Iraq?! Is that true?" I was momentarily confused and unsure, but in a delighted kind of way.

Kurosawa: [Chuckles.] In fact, you're right. It's not an actual reality, but in fact it could happen tomorrow in the sense that—even if he's not joining up with the U.S. military—let's say he joined the Japanese self-defense forces and the law could be changed so that the self-defense forces would stop being self-defense forces and could go to war. In that sense it's not as fantastical as you might think.

Guillén: Tokyo Sonata is much more subtle in its deployment of the fantastic than your previous films. Music-wise you've long been noted for your rumbling, ominous atmospheric scores. The music in Tokyo Sonata is quite different than anything you have done before. It's almost carnivalesque. What induced that?

Kurosawa: Originally I had thought—because Tokyo Sonata was not a horror film or a genre film—that it would not have any music at all. I thought I would just have the full piano piece at the end. But well after I had finished editing the film, a long time after, I realized I wanted some music so I had music composed. I can't recall exactly what I asked the composer to do, but I think what I asked him for was the music of a very close tomorrow. Not futuristic music but a kind of future that could happen tomorrow.

Guillén: The press has gone on and on trying to determine how Tokyo Sonata is a significant departure from your previous horror films, but—as someone who three years ago lost my lifetime employment in late middle age—I found Tokyo Sonata precisely horrifying albeit in a slightly comic way. I know that the apocalyptic themes you approach in your films you consider hopeful and I have to agree that in this film the falling apart of the family carries promise.

Kurosawa: I really did want to infuse the ending with some kind of real hope. That was my intent. But, of course, not a false hope or a literally unbelievable happy ending. The film ends with them attempting to start over. The elder son is still gone and probably not coming back. They still have all their problems, but they're trying to solve all those problems. It's in their attempt to give it another go at solving the problems wherein the hope lies.

Guillén: I would say that you have taught me through your films that true horror—even though I have been admittedly scared by your ghosts—true horror is more the dread of a possible outcome; a dread that clings to you throughout a lifetime. I could still interpret Tokyo Sonata as a horror piece because it concerns itself with the collapse of career and the effect of that on the family. The dread of such a scenario is a weight that pushes people down. Hope would have to be interpreted as anything that could lift that weight.

Kurosawa: Well, yes, I appreciate your perspective on that. I am a filmmaker and as a filmmaker it is a very fragile position. I could lose my way. Looking back on it now, for the last 10 years I've been very fortunate to be able to keep working; but, before that, really I was like someone unemployed leafing through the job classifieds. I really have a sense of the fragility of an individual's social standing through work.

Guillén: I hope this is not too personal a question, but I've long been intrigued by your wife's collaboration with your films and what she specifically contributes to your vision as a filmmaker?

Kurosawa: She's very influential. When I received the original screenplay and the offer from the producer, I wavered. I wasn't confident that I could pull it off and it was my wife who insisted. While I was drafting different drafts, she read them many times and gave me insightful advice. She doesn't work with me on set or anything, but she's really my sharpest critic while I'm cutting the film as well. It's not overstating the case to say that with every film it's her approval that I'm trying to achieve.

Guillén: That's lovely. I would be remiss not to mention Kôji Yakusho's hilarious performance as the manic-depressive burglar Dorobô. He struck me as a narrative agent of change. How do you perceive his role in changing the Sasaki family?

Kurosawa: When I was first redrafting the screenplay, I dreamed up that character as someone who would willy-nilly drag the mother out of the house so that she would realize or recognize that she is a human being before she is a mother or a wife; but, I never dreamed it would be played by Yakusho. I knew from the beginning that Yakusho's schedule was full for the duration of the filmmaking, so I didn't even consider him. By the time I had cast almost all the parts he suddenly emailed me out of the blue and said, "I have three days to spare. Do you have a part for me?" At that point the burglar was the only role left. Once he was cast, I sent him the screenplay for his approval. As I was revising it for him, I realized that it was gradually turning into a kind of pathetic extension of all the other roles he's ever played for me.

Guillén: I know I shouldn't second guess your scriptural decisions, but why did the father return the money, especially since the family was in such need of it?

Kurosawa: You know, that's the first time anyone's ever asked me. Unlike my other films, in Tokyo Sonata the law really does exist. I think it's because he really wants to start over again and—in order to start over again—he needs to be at zero. He doesn't need the negative baggage of unlawfully-acquired money. I think in the movies I have made until now, he probably would have kept the money and become a complete outlaw and moved towards a different kind of hope; but, in that case, he would have left the family behind as the unnecessary detritus of a former life. I didn't want to move him in that direction.

Cross-published on Twitch.

Monday, December 08, 2008

QFW08—Adam Hartzell Previews the Lineup

This has been said by many other writers, but it begs to be said again and again, with the riches presented to us by many solid Bay Area festivals, the choices can seem overwhelming at times. Even when our categories are reduced to the national level, or in the case of the Quebec Film Week (QFW), the provincial and linguistic level, the selections can still seem like too much to process all at once. Thankfully, the films presented for us at QFW allow for some nice compartmentalization to make your viewing experience even more manageable than the fact they all come from one Canadian province.

Let’s begin with films that present the point-of-view of children. QFW has on tap a gender-balanced coupling of a boy’s life in the low-income housing of Montreal, Anaïs Barbeau-Lavalatte’s The Fight (Le Ring, 2007), and an upper-class girl’s life in 1960’s Quebec Suburbia in Léa Pool’s Mommy Is at the Hairdresser’s (Maman est chez le coiffure, 2008). The Fight follows a 12-year old boy who negotiates through his own limitations and the limitations of those around him. The young boy’s only respite seems to be the occasional joy of Montreal’s localized variant of the global professional wrestling circuit. Although I found the editing of the narrative too abrupt at times, particularly our rush to resolution, the underlying theme of hacking the scripts with which life pummels you, and paralleling that with disrupting the narrative demands of professional wrestling’s drama, is an intriguing theme. But even if its execution results in lesser resonance, this is Barbeau-Lavalatte’s debut, and I’m prone to give debuts slack. (The film’s shorter running time, 87 minutes, would allow for a nice opportunity for the Bay Area to get another chance to check out the short documentary La Lutte (1961), previously screened in 2006 at the Pacific Film Archive Michel Brault Retrospective. Also about professional wrestling in Montreal, La Lutte could teach its young protégé a thing or two about pacing. The slow rising up of the crowd, rushing through the fourth wall to be part of the spectacle themselves, provides the necessary resonance of emotion to have stayed with this viewer years later, something I feel The Fight lacks. Unfortunately, as far as I know La Lutte is not part of the programming for QFW.)

Mommy is at the Hairdresser’s shows much better execution, as we should expect from the director of multiple award-winning Set Me Free (1999), which screened at the San Francisco International Film Festival in 2000. The film oozes the 60’s, from the fashion, to the design of the home, to the emerging freedoms of adolescence on display. Presented primarily from the perspective of the family’s teenage daughter (a POV we need more and more of from our cinema), the film follows a single summer where the oldest brother works on his go-kart, the youngest son begins to exhibit developmental issues, the parents’ marriage dissolves due to beginnings of two separate, yet connected, social movements, all while the daughter tries to make sense of it all. Now that I’m in my later 30’s, I have a little more sympathy for the difficulties of the parents than Pool’s film presents here, but I appreciate the necessity of solidarity amongst the siblings too. Pool is definitely a visionary filmmaker whom I hope Quebec and greater Canada continues to support.

A second category option is dystopia, particularly Stéphane Lafleur’s Continental, a Film without Guns (Continental, un film sans fusil, 2007) and director Denys Arcand’s The Age of Ignorance (L’âge des ténèbres, 2006). Concerning the latter film, I will be seeing it when you all do, during the festival, so I can’t say much about it yet. But it is the film I anticipate the most, considering the impressive oeuvre Arcand has accumulated so far, The Decline of the American Empire (1986), Jesus of Montreal (1989), and Academy-Award-winning Best Foreign Language film, The Barbarian Invasions (2003). I have seen Continental, a Film without Guns and it’s another film like Mommy is at the Hairdresser’s where the style grabs you. However, this is not a film projecting into the past, but our present. (Interestingly, when watching the screener at my house with Hell on Frisco Bay’s Brian Darr, we were both slightly confused about what time the film was taking place within, since both an answering machine and Rush-ish progressive rock play prominently. It wasn’t until a modern cell phone appears that we settled for the film taking place in the now over taking place in the 80’s. I would later learn from an interview with Benoît David on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s Q: The Podcaset that prog rock is a staple genre of Quebec, David being a frontman for Montreal Yes cover band who has since replaced a recovering John Anderson on the real Yes tour.) The lighting is dim, almost chiaroscuro, making us feel as if we are always in a basement. The camera occasionally encourages such a cramped, claustrophobic feel as it sits behind the characters at shoulder height, as if they could hear us breathing down their necks. Considering how pathetic the lives of the characters in Continental, a Film without Guns are, the film’s title implies that if they did have guns, they’d have killed themselves. This is a discomforting film to watch, but that doesn’t mean it’s a bad one. It’s entertaining in that unnerving way that dystopia films can be. Still, the resolving scenes of the multiple narratives that bounce off each other don’t seem to fit nicely within the overall mood of the film, leaving the style of the film to be the only thing that stays with this viewer.

We could add the documentary The Last Continent (Le Dernier Continent, Jean Lemire, 2007) to this list of dystopia films, since it follows a crew of Quebecoises as they prepare to weather a winter in Antarctica; winter weather that seems to take forever to emerge due to the effects of global warming. Irony abounds in this film because the crew, and by extension, the audience, are prepared so well for the dangers of a long winter’s nap at the end of the world, that we begin to long for that claustrophobia when winter refuses to come as soon as anticipated. Plus, because the expected strong sheets of ice take so long to transpire, the crew ends up being even more claustrophobic and in danger, since they can’t leave the ship when ice bridges from the ship to the shore have yet to form and because they can’t use nature as a refrigerator for their perishables. Although the impact of The Last Continent is dampened somewhat by the use of a somewhat generic score and the occasional over-narration provided by actor (and Canadian) Donald Sutherland, this film provides further evidence to the nature of the global warming problem that we face in this young century.

Finally, we can contrast the documentary The Last Continent, with the faux-cumentary Missing Victor Pellerin (Rechercher Victor Pellerin, 2006), directed by Sophie Deraspe. The film follows the former acquaintances of a fictitious painter who disappeared just after re-acquiring all his paintings and setting them on fire. Deraspe eventually puts herself in front of the camera as she becomes one of the pieces of the larger puzzle that is Pellerin’s identity. This film came along at just the right time in my viewing schedule, since I’d recently checked out from the library both My Kid Could Paint That (Amir Bar-Lev, 2007) and Who The #$&% is Jackson Pollack? (Harry Moses, 2006), both non-fictional stories that flesh out the mechanisms and maneuverings of the art world, featuring antagonists who refuse to abide by the rules to demonstrate how those rules rig the game and the players. The difference in Missing Victor Pellerin is that we have an insider causing the disruption. Although not up to the level of Orson Welles’ F Is For Fake (1974), I still found Missing Victor Pellerin intriguing all the way through to its discovery at the end.

Of course, there are other categories that could be catalogued, such as Quebecois masters, which would include Arcand’s The Age of Ignorance and Claude Jutra’s Mon Oncle Antoine, a classic of Quebec cinema from 1971. And like The Last Continent, films could be dropped in many different categories. Yet, the over-arching theme of all the contemporary films that are part of the QFW is one of resounding desperation; the overwhelming mood is one of depression. This mood so saturates the films, that when The Fight and Continental, a Film without a Gun try to lift our spirits at the end, is seems out of place. These happy resolutions are not done in Hollywood affect imposed by the powers that move that industry, but arise as if the directors realized near the end that they’ve really put us through the ringer emotionally and they’d better cheer us up quick. For this reason, I decided to forgo seeing Lyne Chalabois’ Borderline (2007), a film about a drug addict whom the program describes as a “pained protagonist”. I just couldn’t take anymore. Regardless of the accolades actress Isabelle Blais has received, and regardless of how representative of modern Quebec literature Walrus magazine claims source semi-autobiographical novel is, I decided that I could only handle one more dystopia, and chose Arcand’s. But that doesn’t mean I’m done with Quebec Cinema, it just means I need some Bon Cop, Bad Cops (Erik Canuel, 2006), some of the more mainstream Quebec fare mixed in with this modern malaise that seems to be infecting recent Quebec Cinema. I need some more smooth gravy of the mainstream on the fermented cheese of the art cinema that curdles up against the savory fries of the industry that is Quebec Cinema. (Come on, you knew I had to work in poutine somehow?)

12/11/08 UPDATE: Of related interest, Michael Hawley previews the QFW lineup for his newly-launched blog film-415. And Adam Hartzell writes even more on the series at Hell on Frisco Bay.